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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Kamas_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kamas (disambiguation)">Kamas (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">KAMAS (<i>Knowledge and Mind Amplification System</i>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Adam Trent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Compusophic Systems<br>Kamasoft</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1984</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Outliner" title="Outliner">Outliner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://kamasoft.com">http://kamasoft.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>KAMAS</b>, an acronym for <i>Knowledge and Mind Amplification System</i>, from Compusophic Systems, then Kamasoft (<a href="Aloha%2C_Oregon" title="Aloha, Oregon">Aloha, Oregon</a>), was, in the 1980s the most influential <a href="Outliner" title="Outliner">outliner</a> or outline processor, and the first for <a href="CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a type of <a href="Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> that edited outline elements, enabling showing, hiding, promotion, demotion, and moving (cutting and pasting) of outline trees ("branches"). Each string of text occupied a "leaf". While some modern word processing programs include limited outline capability, none has the features of KAMAS. A number of outline processors exist for <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, and the <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> <a href="Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Mac</a> platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None has achieved a significant market share, or the enthusiastic user base which supported KAMAS.

</p><p>Adam Trent was president of Kamasoft and the central figure in the development of the program. The initial price was $147.

</p><p>In addition to the outline processor, KAMAS was also released with a programming language, a <a href="Threaded_code" title="Threaded code">threaded interpreter</a> most similar to <a href="FORTH" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTH">FORTH</a>. It was found to be "complex and not easily learned," and most purchasers of KAMAS never used it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A simpler version without the programming facilities, <b>Out-Think</b>, was released in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The code was retooled for <a href="Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">8080</a> and <a href="NEC_V20" title="NEC V20">NEC V20 and V30</a> compatibility (KAMAS required a <a href="Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a>). The price was $69.95; the price for KAMAS had dropped to $99.95.

</p><p>Some disks of auxiliary utility programs were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>KAMAS, released in 1984, was the last important <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">application</a> written for the <a href="CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> operating system. Its "home" computer was the <a href="Kaypro" title="Kaypro">Kaypro</a>. An <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> version was released, without the programming language.

</p><p>The only output was print, or an untagged file image of the printed output, which required extensive editing to import into a word processing program. Except for a limited export in the MS-DOS version to other outline processors such as ThinkTank, there was no file export mechanism preserving the outline structure, nor did any third party develop a converter.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_LaRue2001" class="citation web cs1">James LaRue (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jaslarue.blogspot.com/2020/03/blast-from-past-classic-outliners.html">"A Blast from the Past: Classic Outliners"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames_LaRue2002" class="citation web cs1">James LaRue (February 18, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jaslarue.blogspot.com/2020/03/outliners-redux.html">"Outliners Redux"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They are reviewed by <a href="Allen_Kent" title="Allen Kent">Allen Kent</a>, "Computer Programs: Outliners", <i>Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science</i>, Volume 48, Supplement 12, CRC Press, 1991, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0256116997</bdi>, pp. 175-220, by John Redmood, "Overview of Windows Outlining Programs," no date, but states "not updated since 2004," <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://john.redmood.com/organizers.html">http://john.redmood.com/organizers.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904091051/http://john.redmood.com/organizers.html">Archived</a> 2014-09-04 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 2014-09-07, and the two articles of LaRue already cited.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Renne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ci8EAAAAMBAJ&q=infoworld+oct.+8%2C+1984">"KAMAS. The first outline processor for CP/M machines"</a>, <i>Infoworld</i>, October 8, 1984, pp. 64-66, retrieved September 2015 and <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://chiclassiccomp.org/docs/content/computing/Kamasoft/KamasInfoWorldAarticleFlyerOct8_984.pdf">http://chiclassiccomp.org/docs/content/computing/Kamasoft/KamasInfoWorldAarticleFlyerOct8_984.pdf</a>, retrieved September 2015</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Advertisement published in <i>Profiles</i> (<a href="Kaypro" title="Kaypro">Kaypro</a> Corporation's magazine), Volume 4, No. 1, July, 1986, p. 19, archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/stream/PROFILES_Volume_4_Number_1_1986-07_Kaypro_Corp_US#page/n19/mode/2up">https://archive.org/stream/PROFILES_Volume_4_Number_1_1986-07_Kaypro_Corp_US#page/n19/mode/2up</a>, retrieved September 2015. It was reviewed in the same issue, Ted Silveira, "Idea Processors", pp. 21-26.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Untitled, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://gopherproxy.meulie.net/gopher.floodgap.com/0/archive/walnut-creek-cd-simtel/LAMBDA/CATALOG.TXT">http://gopherproxy.meulie.net/gopher.floodgap.com/0/archive/walnut-creek-cd-simtel/LAMBDA/CATALOG.TXT</a>, retrieved September 2015; untitled, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/cdrom/_BBS/WC30/ALLFILES.TXT">http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/cdrom/_BBS/WC30/ALLFILES.TXT</a>, retrieved September 2015</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Jonathan Price, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/outlining-goes-electronic-9781567503791/">Outlining Goes Electronic</a></i>, Bloomsbury Publishing, 1999, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1567503780</bdi></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiclassiccomp.org/docs/content/computing/Kamasoft/KAMAS_TheClassicVehicle.pdf">"Brochure advertising the program"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiclassiccomp.org/docs/content/computing/Kamasoft/Kamas_Letters.pdf">"Letters from publisher to purchaser; technical specifications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1985<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiclassiccomp.org/docs/content/computing/Kamasoft/KamasV2flyer.pdf">"Brochure advertising Version 2, the MS-DOS version, price $69.95"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/80_Micro_1986-03_CW_Communications_US/page/n31/mode/2up">[1]</a> <i>80 Micro</i> review of KAMAS running on <a href="TRS-80_Model_4" title="TRS-80 Model 4">TRS-80 Model 4</a> under Montezuma CP/M</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/BYTE_Vol_09-10_1984-09_Computer_Graphics/page/n131/mode/2up">[2]</a> <i>Byte</i> product preview of KAMAS including short example of KAMAS program code</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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